Unit 1 Assignment: Glossary
Below are some terms which we have been asked to define for Unit 1:
1. January Uprising: began in Jan., 1863. It was an armed uprising against Russian occupation that was not only unsuccessful but resulted in reprisals, deportations and imprisonment. As a result of this failed attempt to throw off Russia by force, Poles looked for other ways of resisting the Russians and retaining their Polish identity.
2. Russification: click here for very interesting site on Russification: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_iii.htm
3. szlachta: the class of Polish landed gentry (note: no surname in my family tree shows up in this category!)
4. kulig: a sleigh-riding party with feasting a revelry. See: http://www.polishnews.com/fulltext/christmas/kulig.shtml
5. mazurka: click here for a page with various versions of the Dabrowski Mazurka - the national anthem of Poland since 1926: http://www.usc.edu/dept/polish_music/repertoi/dabrowski.html .In general, a mazurka (mazurek) is a Polish folkdance with a pronounced three-count. Chopin composed quite a few of them.
6. Flying University: an underground educational movement in Poland during Russian occupation.
7. Sorbonne: the University of Paris
8. Intelligentsia: an educated, intellectual class; "intellectuals who form an artistic, social or political vanguard or elite" (from Merriam-Webster
9. Romantic Idealism: in Poland, this meant national sovereignity gained through armed insurrection against occupation
10: Political Realism: in Poland, the school of thought that maintained that the best course of survival/resistance was hard work and study
11. Gymnasium: in some European educational systems, this is the secondary school that prepares University-bound students.
12: Polish Positivism: the movement that arose in Warsaw after the failure of the January uprising that looked to science and study as ways to solve the problems in Poland. It was derived from the work of Auguste Comte.)
1. January Uprising: began in Jan., 1863. It was an armed uprising against Russian occupation that was not only unsuccessful but resulted in reprisals, deportations and imprisonment. As a result of this failed attempt to throw off Russia by force, Poles looked for other ways of resisting the Russians and retaining their Polish identity.
2. Russification: click here for very interesting site on Russification: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_iii.htm
3. szlachta: the class of Polish landed gentry (note: no surname in my family tree shows up in this category!)
4. kulig: a sleigh-riding party with feasting a revelry. See: http://www.polishnews.com/fulltext/christmas/kulig.shtml
5. mazurka: click here for a page with various versions of the Dabrowski Mazurka - the national anthem of Poland since 1926: http://www.usc.edu/dept/polish_music/repertoi/dabrowski.html .In general, a mazurka (mazurek) is a Polish folkdance with a pronounced three-count. Chopin composed quite a few of them.
6. Flying University: an underground educational movement in Poland during Russian occupation.
7. Sorbonne: the University of Paris
8. Intelligentsia: an educated, intellectual class; "intellectuals who form an artistic, social or political vanguard or elite" (from Merriam-Webster
9. Romantic Idealism: in Poland, this meant national sovereignity gained through armed insurrection against occupation
10: Political Realism: in Poland, the school of thought that maintained that the best course of survival/resistance was hard work and study
11. Gymnasium: in some European educational systems, this is the secondary school that prepares University-bound students.
12: Polish Positivism: the movement that arose in Warsaw after the failure of the January uprising that looked to science and study as ways to solve the problems in Poland. It was derived from the work of Auguste Comte.)
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