Who's Who in Unit 2
Henri Becquerel - (1852-1908), Fr, did research on fluoresence; inadvertently discovered radioactivity during course of research; the Curies built on his work and the three shared the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics.
Marcel Brillouin - (1854-1948), Fr, physicist
Auguste Comte - (1798-1857), Fr, social philosopher; saw human society as an evolutionary sequence; saw the sciences (incl. sociology) as heirarchical.
William Crooks - (1832-1919), Eng, research with cathode ray tubes; worked with a German physicist named Goldstein; in 1903 found a way to detect alpha particles which was later used by Rutherford.
Pierre Curie - (1859-1906), Fr, discovered piezoelectricity (the electicity produced when pressure is applied to a crystal); did work on magnetism; worked with his wife, Marie, on uranium, polonium and radium extracted from pitchblende.
John Dalton - (1766-1844), started out as a meteorologist; proposed the atomic theory in 1803 which sai that: 1) all matter is made up of small, indivisible particles; 2) atoms of a single element have unique characteristics/weight; 3) atoms are of three types: simple (atoms), compound (simple molecules), complex (complex molecules).
Johann Geissler - (1814-1879), Ger, physicist and glass-blower; responsible for vacuum tubes.
L. George Gouy - (1854?- 1926?), very little information available on web; physicist friend of P. Curie; seems to have his name associated with magnetism and optics.
Paul Langevin - (1872-1946), Fr, studied under J J Thomson and got his Phd under P. Curie; studied paramagnetism (the mild attraction to a magnetic field); subseqent work included ultrasonic vibrations (which ultimately led to the development of Sonar durin WWII).
Philip Lenard - (1862-1947), Hung/Ger, assistant of Heinrich Hertz; studied cathode rays; rec'd Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905; also did work on the photoelectric effect (when electrons are emitted from a metal when struck by electromagnetic radiation).
Gabriel Lippman - (1845-1921), physicist, did work in electricity, thermodynamics, optics and photochemistry; devised a method for color photography; rec'd Nobel Prze in Physics in 1908 for his method of color photography.
Dimitri Mendeleev _ (1834-1907), Rus, chemist; arranged the known elements into a Periodic TAble based on their atomic number and atomic mass (1869); his table left space for new elements.
A.A. Michelson - (1852-1931), Ger/Amer, physicist; did a lot of work with telescopes; he is quoted as saying that"...further truths of physics are to be looked for in the sixth place of decimals...".
Henri Poincare - (1854-1912), Fr, mathematician who worked in many different branches of mathematics
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen - (1845-1923), Ger, physicist, discovered X-rays; awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
Ernest Rutherford - (1871-1937), N.Z./Eng, coined the terms "alpha", "beta" and "gamma" rays to identify the partcle beams (alpha and beta) and the electromagnetic radiation (gamma); made the first observatins of nuclear reactions and dubbed the positivily-charged particles "protons"; his 1908 Nobel Prize was awarded to him in Chemistry, however...not Physics! (He is also credited with the term "half-life")
Frederick Soddy - (1877-1956), Eng, coined the word "isotope" to refer to substances which are chemically identical but have different radioactive properties; rec'd 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (He is also credited with the term "half-life")
J.J. Thomson - (1856-1940), Eng, physicist, credited with the discovery of the electron; his model of atomic structure was of positively charged stuff with electrons scattered here and there like raisin bread or plum pudding. (Note: I have also run across on-line sources that credit G.J. Stoney with the discovery of the electron.)
William Thomson- Lord Kelvin - (1824-1907), Scot, mathematician; did a lot of work in physics, esp. laws of thermodynamics.
Emile Zola - (1840-1902), Fr, author and journalist, his open letter led to the reopening of the Dreyfus Case; he is credited with the founding of the Naturalist Movement in Literature.
(main source for info: scienceworld.wolfram.com. Other sources may be accessed through the links provided.)
Marcel Brillouin - (1854-1948), Fr, physicist
Auguste Comte - (1798-1857), Fr, social philosopher; saw human society as an evolutionary sequence; saw the sciences (incl. sociology) as heirarchical.
William Crooks - (1832-1919), Eng, research with cathode ray tubes; worked with a German physicist named Goldstein; in 1903 found a way to detect alpha particles which was later used by Rutherford.
Pierre Curie - (1859-1906), Fr, discovered piezoelectricity (the electicity produced when pressure is applied to a crystal); did work on magnetism; worked with his wife, Marie, on uranium, polonium and radium extracted from pitchblende.
John Dalton - (1766-1844), started out as a meteorologist; proposed the atomic theory in 1803 which sai that: 1) all matter is made up of small, indivisible particles; 2) atoms of a single element have unique characteristics/weight; 3) atoms are of three types: simple (atoms), compound (simple molecules), complex (complex molecules).
Johann Geissler - (1814-1879), Ger, physicist and glass-blower; responsible for vacuum tubes.
L. George Gouy - (1854?- 1926?), very little information available on web; physicist friend of P. Curie; seems to have his name associated with magnetism and optics.
Paul Langevin - (1872-1946), Fr, studied under J J Thomson and got his Phd under P. Curie; studied paramagnetism (the mild attraction to a magnetic field); subseqent work included ultrasonic vibrations (which ultimately led to the development of Sonar durin WWII).
Philip Lenard - (1862-1947), Hung/Ger, assistant of Heinrich Hertz; studied cathode rays; rec'd Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905; also did work on the photoelectric effect (when electrons are emitted from a metal when struck by electromagnetic radiation).
Gabriel Lippman - (1845-1921), physicist, did work in electricity, thermodynamics, optics and photochemistry; devised a method for color photography; rec'd Nobel Prze in Physics in 1908 for his method of color photography.
Dimitri Mendeleev _ (1834-1907), Rus, chemist; arranged the known elements into a Periodic TAble based on their atomic number and atomic mass (1869); his table left space for new elements.
A.A. Michelson - (1852-1931), Ger/Amer, physicist; did a lot of work with telescopes; he is quoted as saying that"...further truths of physics are to be looked for in the sixth place of decimals...".
Henri Poincare - (1854-1912), Fr, mathematician who worked in many different branches of mathematics
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen - (1845-1923), Ger, physicist, discovered X-rays; awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
Ernest Rutherford - (1871-1937), N.Z./Eng, coined the terms "alpha", "beta" and "gamma" rays to identify the partcle beams (alpha and beta) and the electromagnetic radiation (gamma); made the first observatins of nuclear reactions and dubbed the positivily-charged particles "protons"; his 1908 Nobel Prize was awarded to him in Chemistry, however...not Physics! (He is also credited with the term "half-life")
Frederick Soddy - (1877-1956), Eng, coined the word "isotope" to refer to substances which are chemically identical but have different radioactive properties; rec'd 1921 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. (He is also credited with the term "half-life")
J.J. Thomson - (1856-1940), Eng, physicist, credited with the discovery of the electron; his model of atomic structure was of positively charged stuff with electrons scattered here and there like raisin bread or plum pudding. (Note: I have also run across on-line sources that credit G.J. Stoney with the discovery of the electron.)
William Thomson- Lord Kelvin - (1824-1907), Scot, mathematician; did a lot of work in physics, esp. laws of thermodynamics.
Emile Zola - (1840-1902), Fr, author and journalist, his open letter led to the reopening of the Dreyfus Case; he is credited with the founding of the Naturalist Movement in Literature.
(main source for info: scienceworld.wolfram.com. Other sources may be accessed through the links provided.)
posted by cafegirl | 10:25 PM
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